|
BioInformatics Events |
| 1665 |
Robert
Hooke published Micrographia, described the cellular structure
of cork. He also described microscopic examinations of
fossilized plants and animals, comparing their microscopic
structure to that of the living organisms they resembled. He
argued for an organic origin of fossils, and suggested a
plausible mechanism for their formation. |
| 1683 |
Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria. |
| 1686 |
John
Ray, John Ray's in his book
"Historia Plantarum" catalogued and described 18,600
kinds of plants. His book gave the first definition of species
based upon common descent. |
| 1843 |
Richard
Owen elaborated the distinction of homology and analogy. |
| 1864 |
Ernst
Haeckel (Häckel) outlined the essential elements of modern
zoological classification. |
| 1865 |
Gregory
Mendel (1823-1884), Austria, established the theory of
genetic inheritance. |
| 1902 |
The
chromosome theory of heredity is proposed by Sutton and Boveri,
working independently. |
| 1962 |
Pauling's theory of molecular
evolution |
| 1905 |
The
word "genetics" is coined by William Bateson. |
| 1913 |
First
ever linkage map created by Columbia undergraduate Alfred
Sturtevant (working with T.H. Morgan). |
| 1930 |
Tiselius,
Uppsala University, Sweden,
A
new
technique, electrophoresis, is introduced by Tiselius for
separating proteins in solution. "The
moving-boundary method of studying the electrophoresis of
proteins" (published in Nova
Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis,
Ser. IV, Vol. 7, No. 4) |
| 1946 |
Genetic
material can be transferred laterally between bacterial cells,
as shown by Lederberg and Tatum. |
| 1952 |
Alfred
Day Hershey and Martha Chase proved that the DNA alone carries
genetic information. This was proved on the basis of their
bacteriophage research. |
| 1961 |
Sidney
Brenner, François Jacob, Matthew Meselson, identify messenger
RNA, |
| 1965 |
Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein
Sequences |
| 1970 |
Needleman-Wunsch algorithm |
| 1977 |
DNA sequencing and software to
analyze it (Staden) |
| 1981 |
Smith-Waterman algorithm developed |
| 1981 |
The concept of a sequence motif (Doolittle) |
| 1982 |
GenBank Release 3 made public |
| 1982 |
Phage lambda genome sequenced |
| 1983 |
Sequence database searching algorithm
(Wilbur-Lipman) |
| 1985 |
FASTP/FASTN: fast sequence similarity
searching |
| 1988 |
National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI) created at NIH/NLM |
| 1988 |
EMBnet network for database
distribution |
| 1990 |
BLAST: fast sequence similarity
searching |
| 1991 |
EST: expressed sequence tag
sequencing |
| 1993 |
Sanger Centre, Hinxton, UK |
| 1994 |
EMBL European Bioinformatics
Institute, Hinxton, UK |
| 1995 |
First bacterial genomes completely
sequenced |
| 1996 |
Yeast genome completely sequenced |
| 1997 |
PSI-BLAST |
| 1998 |
Worm (multicellular) genome
completely sequenced |
| 1999 |
Fly genome completely sequenced |
| 2000 |
Jeong H,
Tombor B, Albert R, Oltvai ZN, Barabasi AL. The
large-scale organization of metabolic networks.
Nature 2000 Oct 5;407(6804):651-4, PubMed |
| 2000 |
The
genome for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.3 Mbp) is published. |
| 2000 |
The
A. thaliana genome (100 Mb) is secquenced. |
| 2001 |
The
human genome (3 Giga base pairs) is published. |