Implement mechanisms for efficient inter-component calls
Bean Interfaces and Implementation
According to the 2.0 specification, the implementation classes for entity beans that use CMP are now abstract classes.
Session beans and entity beans in 2.0 can have two types of interfaces: a remote interface and a local interface.
Local Interface
The local interfaces for session and entity beans provide support for light weight access from enterprise
beans that are local clients. That is, the bean uses a local interface if the bean wants to provide tight
coupling with its clients with pass-by-reference semantics. The local interface is a standard Java interface
that does not inherit from RMI.
Remote interface
A bean that needs to have remote capabilities - the bean inherits from RMI and interacts with distributed
clients - uses a remote interface. A bean can have both a local and a remote interface - that is, it can
provide both a local and a remote client view.
Typically, however, a bean will be designed to provide only one or the other interface. Similarly, a bean can have
a remote home interface and/or a local home interface.
In the 2.0 specification, a bean typically uses its remote interface to expose its methods across the network tier.
A bean uses the local interface to expose its methods to other beans that reside within the same container. It is
thus possible to directly access a bean through its local interface without the overhead of a remote method call.
Local interfaces provide the foundation for container managed relationships among entity beans and session beans.
The bean uses the local interface to maintain its references to other beans. For example, entity beans use local
interfaces to maintain relationships to other entity beans. They also allow session and entity beans to be tightly
coupled with their clients. Using local interfaces, beans can also expose their state and use pass-by-reference to
pass their state between related bean instances.
Adding references to enterprise beans
You can add different types of references to an enterprise bean, including EJB references (local and remote),
resource references, security role references, and resource environment references.
An EJB reference is a logical name used by a client (or another bean) to locate the home interface of an enterprise bean.
It is a best practice to use an EJB reference for any enterprise bean that you need to reference. Using an EJB reference
will allow you to safely write Java code to lookup the home interface of the target enterprise bean without the worry
of the binding changing for the target enterprise bean. This is necessary if you need to install the same EJB module on
the same server with different bindings.
In addition, for looking up local home interface, you are required to use an EJB local reference.
At deployment, the EJB reference is bound to the enterprise bean's home in the
target operational environment.
The container makes the application's EJB references available in a JNDI naming context. Resource environment reference
elements contain declarations of an enterprise bean's reference to an administered object associated with a resource
in the application client's environment. Resource environment references are available only for J2EE 1.3 application
clients. For EJB 2.0, the created resource reference has WebSphere Application Server extensions for isolation policy
and connection policy.
To add references to an enterprise bean:
In the J2EE Hierarchy view, right-click the desired EJB module and select
Open With > Deployment Descriptor Editor from the pop-up menu.
On the References page of the editor select the
enterprise bean that you want to add a reference to (the referencing bean) - TravelAgent,
and click the Add button. The
Add Reference wizard opens.
Select the type of reference that you want to create (EJB local reference),
and click Next.
Select the location of the enterprise bean that you want to reference (the referenced bean).
Note: Local references can reference enterprise beans in the same EJB project or in the same application.
Remote references can also reference enterprise beans in another application.
When you select an enterprise bean in another EJB project within the same application or another application,
the Java JAR dependencies are automatically set up. If you select an enterprise bean in another application and
the preference to create EJB client projects is turned on, you will be prompted to create an EJB client project
for the EJB project of the selected enterprise bean if one does not already exist. The EJB client project is
added as a Java utility JAR to all applications that the source bean projects belongs to. A Java JAR dependency
for the source EJB project is also added to the utility JAR file, which is the target EJB client project.
Select the enterprise bean that you are referencing (Cabin), and
update the Name field or accept the default (recommended).
Name - ejb/Cabin
Click Next to review your selections and enter
a description for the reference.
Click Finish.
The reference is added to the bean that you selected and is displayed on the References
page of the EJB deployment descriptor editor.
<session id="TravelAgent">
<ejb-name>TravelAgent</ejb-name>
...
<ejb-local-ref id="EJBLocalRef_1122033021884">
<ejb-ref-name>ejb/Cabin</ejb-ref-name>
<ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>
<local-home>com.titan.cabin.CabinLocalHome</local-home>
<local>com.titan.cabin.CabinLocal</local>
<ejb-link>Cabin</ejb-link>
</ejb-local-ref>
</session>
Repeat the same steps and add a reference to (the referencing bean) - TravelAgent for
Ship (referenced) bean:
<session id="TravelAgent">
<ejb-name>TravelAgent</ejb-name>
...
<ejb-local-ref id="EJBLocalRef_1122300603538">
<ejb-ref-name>ejb/Ship</ejb-ref-name>
<ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>
<local-home>com.titan.ship.ShipLocalHome</local-home>
<local>com.titan.ship.ShipLocal</local>
<ejb-link>Ship</ejb-link>
</ejb-local-ref>
</session>
