These two similar functions are used template the pages. Which one to use? Find out the difference.
PHP include and require
In this tutorial we will learn how to use PHP include and require
functions.
There is a common practice to split the code into parts. Almost any big website
uses this technique to
template its contents.
When user loads the page from the server he sees the complete page but
internally on the server each logical
part of the page is stored in
appropriate file. It is a useful method to select some repeating code chunk and
store it in a separated file. When the time comes to make changes in the code
you don't have to look through all the code but you go straight to the
template file. And scripts on the server create resulting page from several
template files.
In
PHP there are two very similar functions to include files:
include() require().
Syntax:
include $filename;
require $filename;
where
$filename: is the path of the file to include. The difference
between these two functions is just in handling exception:
include() will output warning message and the script
continues
require() will output error message and will
halt the script
Most often error occurs when file does not exist in specified path.
If file to include has
PHP script tags in the text (<?, ?>), then all PHP
code is executed and result is included.
Now about how both functions work. When
PHP interpreter meet the line
with
include (require):
1. File path is checked.
2. PHP goes into
HTML text mode (just outputting all the code)
3. If PHP starting tags have been found, all functions are executed and
only printed results are included as just text.
4. After the end-of-the file PHP interpreter switches to
execution
mode and continues executing main script after the
include (require)
line.
Example 1:
file res.html
<b>this is a text</b>
main code file test.php
<?
echo "<html>";
include 'res.html';
echo "</html>";
?>
Output:
<html><b>this is a text</b></html>
Example 2:
file to include vars.php
<?
$color = 'green';
$fruit = 'apple';
?>
main PHP code file test.php
<?
echo "A $color $fruit"; // outputs "A "
include 'vars.php';
echo "A $color $fruit"; // outputs "A green apple"
?>
The code in the file to be included inherits the
variable context of the
line where the include occurs. Any variables available at that line in the
calling file are available in the called file code.
There is a big feature exists with these functions: you can include
distant
files and specify an
URL as the file path.
Example:
include "http://www.yahoo.com/index.html"
Will process all the code received from target server.
You can even specify other protocols such is
FTP for example.
Unfortunately this feature is unavailable for
Windows type OS users.
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PHP Introduction to PHP Include and require Tutorial, PHP include and require
PHP include and
require
In this
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with
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require):
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2.
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In
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include()
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Differebne 1:
The
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