Adding search to your applications

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Tutorial: Adding search to your applications

The Lucene search engine is an open source, Jakarta project used to build and search indexes. Lucene can index any text-based information you like and then find it later based on various search criteria.

Tutorial Details:

Although Lucene only works with text, there are other add-ons to Lucene that allow you to index Word documents, PDF files, XML, or HTML pages. Lucene has a very flexible and powerful search capability that uses fuzzy logic to locate indexed items. Lucene is not overly complex. It provides a basic framework that you can use to build full-featured search into your web sites.

The easiest way to learn Lucene is to look at an example of using it. Let's pretend that we are writing an application for our university's Physics department. The professors have been writing articles and storing them online and we would like to make the articles searchable. (To make the example simple, we will assume that the articles are stored in text format.) Although we could use google, we would like to make the articles searchable by various criteria such as who wrote the article, what branch of physics the article deals with, etc. Google could index the articles but we wouldn't be able to show results based on questions such as, "show me all the articles by Professor Henry that deal with relativity and have superstring in their title."

What's inside?
Let's take a look at the key classes that we will use to build a search engine.

Document - The Document class represents a document in Lucene. We index Document objects and get Document objects back when we do a search.
Field - The Field class represents a section of a Document. The Field object will contain a name for the section and the actual data.
Analyzer - The Analyzer class is an abstract class that used to provide an interface that will take a Document and turn it into tokens that can be indexed. There are several useful implementations of this class but the most commonly used is the StandardAnalyzer class.
IndexWriter - The IndexWriter class is used to create and maintain indexes.
IndexSearcher - The IndexSearcher class is used to search through an index.
QueryParser - The QueryParser class is used to build a parser that can search through an index.
Query - The Query class is an abstract class that contains the search criteria created by the QueryParser.
Hits - The Hits class contains the Document objects that are returned by running the Query object against the index.

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