On systems that support it, sound can be an important part of many applications. Sound can be used to notify the user that her attention is required, to add the extra dimension of aural feedback to visual GUIs, or for entertainment purposes.
Tutorial Details:
The Java Sound API is a low-level interface to sound, and the default implementation does not support compressed formats such as MP3. In these excerpts from the chapter we\'ll be working with simple audio files, with types such as .wav, .aiff, and .au. Note that, although Java Sound supports the recording of sounds, there is no recording example in this chapter: setup and configuration problems on different platforms make sound recording a topic that is beyond the scope of this chapter.
Playing Sounds with AudioClip
The sound capabilities of modern computer hardware are usually much more advanced than the dumb terminals of yesterday, and typical users expect their computers to make sounds that are prettier than the coarse console bell. Java programs can do this by loading and playing a file of audio data with the java.applet.AudioClip interface. As the package name implies, the AudioClip interface was originally intended only for applets. Since Java 1.0, applets have been able to call their getAudioClip( ) instance method to read an audio file over the network. In Java 1.2, however, the static java.applet.Applet.newAudioClip( ) method was added to allow any application to read audio data from any URL (including local file: URLs). This method and the AudioClip interface make it very easy to play arbitrary sounds from your programs, as demonstrated by Example 17-2.
Invoke PlaySound with the URL of a sound file as its sole argument. If you are using a local file, be sure to prefix the filename with the file: protocol. The types of sound files supported depend on the Java implementation. Sun\'s default implementation supports .wav, .aiff, and .au files for sampled sound, .mid files for MIDI, and even .rmf files for the MIDI-related, proprietary \"Rich Music Format\" defined by Beatnik. [1]
When you run the PlaySound class of Example 17-2, you may notice that the program never exits. Like AWT applications, programs that use Java\'s sound capabilities start a background thread and do not automatically exit when the main( ) method returns. [2] To make PlaySound better behaved, we need to explicitly call System.exit( ) when the AudioClip has finished playing. But this highlights one of the shortcomings of the AudioClip interface: it allows you to play( ), stop( ), or loop( ) a sound, but it provides no way to track the progress of the sound or find out when it has finished playing. To achieve that level of control over the playback of sound, we need to use the JavaSound API, which we\'ll consider in the next section.
Example 17-2. PlaySound.java
package je3.sound;
/**
* Play a sound file from the network using the java.applet.Applet API.
*/
public class PlaySound {
public static void main(String[ ] args)
throws java.net.MalformedURLException
{
java.applet.AudioClip clip =
java.applet.Applet.newAudioClip(new java.net.URL(args[0]));
clip.play( );
}
}
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