Unicode is a system of encoding characters. All characters and Strings in Java use the Unicode encoding, which allows truly international programming.
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About Unicode
The Unicode effort is not coordinated with Java. At the time that Java was started, all 50,000 defined Unicode characters could be reprensented with 16 bits (2 bytes). Consequently, Java used the 2-byte (sometimes called UTF-16) representation for characters.
However, Unicode, now at version 4.0, has defined more characters than fit into two bytes. To accommodate this unfortunate occurrance, Java 5 has added facilities to work with surrogate pairs, which can represent characters with multiple character codes. As a practical matter, most Java programs are written with the assumption that all characters are two bytes. The characters that don't fit into two bytes are largely unused, so it doesn't seem to be a serious deficiency. We'll see how this works out in the future.
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