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  Tutorial: The Mobile Developer

If your cellphone already supports WML or another markup language

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The first advantage is that Java is a proper programming language, in the procedural/object-oriented sense, and is used on a wide variety of platforms. WML is a declarative language, to which you graft some procedural logic using WMLScript, and is used only on cellphones. Java is more suited for complicated programming tasks.

The second advantage is that Java lets you work offline. With a Java-enabled cellphone it's possible to download and install an application that you can then run without incurring connection charges, something you can't really do when you're browsing websites with the phone's microbrowser. You can even run applications when you're out of coverage, something that may be foreign to Europeans but something that we North Americans -- with our vast geographical areas and competing, incompatible networks -- have to deal with on a regular basis.

Of course, you can work offline to a degree with WML by using cached decks, but only if the decks are designed to be cached. And you really don't have much control over what gets cached, since it's all under the control of the browser and the deck creator.

One of the problems with Java is that the runtime system -- the Java interpreter, the native code that interfaces to the operating system, and the Java runtime library -- is quite large. When I say "large", I mean several megabytes, clearly too much for small computing devices like today's cellphones. And that's where Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) comes in. Instead of merely trimming fat from the Java 2 Standard Edition (J2SE), J2ME is a complete rewrite of the Java runtime with the specific memory and processing power restraints of small devices in mind.

Central to J2ME are the concepts of configurations and profiles. A configuration defines the basic features of a Java runtime system: what the virtual machine must do, how much memory is required, and the core set of runtime classes (ideally a subset of ones in J2SE). A profile builds on top of a configuration (and even on top of other profiles) by adding classes geared for a specific family of devices or specific kinds of applications.


 

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