The Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) includes both a transformation language and a formatting language. Each of these is an XML application.
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The transformation language provides elements that define rules for how one XML document is transformed into another XML document. The transformed XML document may use the vocabulary of the original document, or it may use a completely different set of elements. In particular, it may use the elements defined by the second part of XSL, the formatting objects. This chapter discusses the transformation language half of XSL.
What Is XSL?
The transformation and formatting halves of XSL can function independently of each other. For instance, the transformation language can transform an XML document into a well-formed HTML file, and completely ignore XSL formatting objects. This is the style of XSL previewed in Chapter 5 and emphasized in this chapter. Furthermore, it’s not absolutely required that a document written in XSL formatting objects be produced by using the transformation part of XSL on another XML document. For example, a program written in Java could read TeX or PDF files and translate them into XSL formatting objects.
In essence, XSL is two languages, not one. The first is a transformation language, the second a formatting language. The transformation language is useful independently of the formatting language. Its ability to move data from one XML representation to another makes it an important component of XML-based electronic commerce, electronic data interchange, metadata exchange, and any application that needs to convert between different XML representations of the same information. These uses are also united by their lack of concern with rendering data on a display for humans to read. They are purely about moving data from one computer system or program to another.
Overview of XSL Transformations
In an XSL transformation, an XSLT processor reads both an XML document and an XSLT style sheet. The processor applies the instructions in the XSLT style sheet to the data in the input document to generate a new XML document or fragment thereof. Most processors can also output HTML. With some effort, most XSLT processors can also be made to output essentially arbitrary text, though XSLT is designed primarily for XML-to-XML and XML-to-HTML transformations.
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