In this article, I'll be exploring how this problem can be tackled with the use of JavaScript and the XMLHttpRequest object.
Tutorial Details:
Take the simple example of filling out a serial number box to register a desktop app on a platform like Microsoft Windows. According to convention, once you've finished typing that tiresome string of alphanumeric into the little boxes, a big green 'tick' icon appears to indicate you've entered a valid code. This happens instantly as a result of the interface being sewn to the application; as soon as you finish typing the number, the application is able to check its validity and respond.
Contrast this to the standard behavior of the same task represented through a web interface. Sure, all the boxes for keying in the serial number will look identical, but on completing input, the user would need to submit the page back to the server for the input to be validated. A new page would then load with a message to indicate success or failure, and on failure, the user would need to go back and try again ad infinitum.
So whilst it's not terribly common that a user would be asked to enter a serial number into a web application, there are countless other examples of user actions that can benefit from very fast reactions from the interface, and when the business logic is all the way back at the server, this can be difficult to achieve in a traditional web app.
The XMLHttpRequest Object
A solution to these problem presents itself in the form of the XMLHttpRequest object. This object, first implemented by Microsoft as an ActiveX object but now also available as a native object within both Mozilla and Apple's Safari browser, enables JavaScript to make HTTP requests to a remote server without the need to reload the page. In essence, HTTP requests can be made and responses received, completely in the background and without the user experiencing any visual interruptions.
This is a tremendous boon, as it takes the developer a long way towards achieving the goals of both a responsive user interface and keeping all the important logic in the application layer. By using JavaScript to ferry input back to the server in real time, the logic can be performed on the server and the response returned for near-instant feedback.
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