Linux Kernal

The kernel is a software that acts as a mediator between your programs and your hardware. Its function are memory management for all of the running programs, and make sure that all get a share of the processor's cycles. The Linux kernel also provides the basic services and device drivers used by all other programs running on a Linux OS system. Kernel is free software (Unix-like) that was begun by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and subsequently appended upon with the assistance of developers worldwide.

1. A New Linux Kernal
   A new Linux Kernal, version 2.6, has been released on the 17th December 2003 by Linus Torsvalds. While only being a couple of notches from the old release, 2.4 released in 2001, it is a significant upgrade. Some of the things that are included in the new kernal are noted below:-
   1.Support for embedded systems (such as Personal Digital Assistants). 2. Support for larger servers. 3. Support for hyperthreading. 4. Increase in the allowed numbers of users/groups/processes and support for file systems up to 16 terabytes in size.5. A lot of different changes that will manifest themselves as more responsive in a multi-tasking environment.
                      
2. RHD236 RED HAT LINUX KERNAL
   RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals is an intensive hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. It is taught in a classroom with computers equipped with the current Linux distribution. The course provides hands-on training, concepts, and demonstrations, with emphasis on realistic labs and programming exercises. Students will get a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. 
                         
3. Linux Kernel Internals
   The course focuses on understanding the flow and control of kernel processes. The daemons associated with kernel processes may be mentioned, but detailed information about those daemons is not included. The course does not provide information on writing patches or on administration commands; these topics are covered in other courses. This course is designed for advanced Linux system administrators. 
                    
4. The Linux Kernel
   Extensive explanation of how the Linux kernel works. Rusing covers memory management, processes, and interprocess communication. While much of this material is similar to what might be covered in any guide to the UNIX kernel, there is specific information about issues relating to a PC architecture such as PCI and interrupt handling. [Source: Linux Documentation Project]
                     
5. Red Hut Linux Kernals Internals
   RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals is an intensive hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. RHD236 is taught in a classroom with computers equipped with the current Linux distribution. 
                       
6. RHD236 RED HAT LINUX KERNAL INTERVALS
   RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals is an intensive hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. It is taught in a classroom with computers equipped with the current Linux distribution. The course provides hands-on training, concepts, and demonstrations, with emphasis on realistic labs and programming exercises. Students will get a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. 
                        
7. ADAPTEC RAID DRIVER
   Adaptec, Inc., a leader in data storage access solutions, has announced that its RAID driver has been embedded in the Linux kernel, allowing future versions of Linux operating systems based on the kernel to support Adaptec's family of SCSI RAID and high-end ATA RAID PCI cards out of the box for the fast- growing market for Linux operating systems. Adaptec's Ultra160 SCSI drivers are already embedded in the Linux kernel and the company plans to have drivers for its leading Ultra320 products embedded as well.
                          
8. About Software Architect SAI
   SAI is all about UDF, Recordable DVD and Optical Recording for business and consumer applications. We "wrote the book" on using modern file system technology to make recordable DVD truly useful for a wide variety of applications. "DVD" stands for "Digital Versatile Disk", meaning it is good for many data storage, archival and content distribution applications, as well as video recording and playback. SAI was the first company to provide software to enable recordable DVD devices to run on PC's. We are the first company to provide software to enable consumers to use DVD video recorders to record TV broadcasts on a VR format recordable DVD, and use it on a PC or Mac (check out GreatVideo!TM and WriteDVD!TM). 
                  
9. The Difference Between Linux And Unix
   Linux is a kernal, unix is a type of OS. Unix is a registered name so Linux cannot be described as a Unix OS however you will here linux described as a Unix like system. One thing to bear in mind is that Linux is NOT an OS it is just the kernal the GNU (recursive acronym for GNU's Not Unix) is what people often confuse as being 'Linux' this is however the command line and tools that interact with the Linux Kernal.
   Also, an interesting point to add. Unlike Unix, Linux isnt made by any company or single group of people.Linus started the Linux Kernel, and ultimatly has the end say in what happens to Linux, however it is programmed by a global network of people who simply code for the fun of it. (Hackers)
                      
10. Linux Kernel Graphing Project
    The original Linux Kernel Graphing Project was a bold undertaking by Rusty Russel which resulted in a complex graph of all the .c files in the 2.4.0 Linux Kernel: each function graphically represented and named, resulting in 180MB of PostScript.Another version of the graph, developed by Creinig for V2.5.2, took the Linux Kernel source distribution, crunched over it for about 35 minutes on a 400MHz machine / 11 minutes on a 1.2GHz Athlon, requiring up to 90MB RAM at peak times and about 240MB disk space (without kernel sources) and finally produced a ~22MB postscript file of the poster.
                          
11. The Nokia Dump Symbian
    "Nokia’s position as the dominant supplier of Symbian handsets has allowed it to wield effective control over Symbian the company. However, ever since the Finnish giant’s attempt to purchase Psion’s 32% stake was thwarted last year by Symbian’s other shareholders, Nokia’s commitment to the OS appears to have cooled. Since the beginning of the year, Nokia has decided to license ActiveSync directly from Microsoft even though Symbian struck the same deal with Microsoft, and in May, Nokia announced its 770 tablet device running Linux, not Symbian. These developments have led us to speculate whether Nokia might consider dumping Symbian altogether, porting its Series 60 user interface to a Linux platform: a move which would mirror PalmSource’s decision to port its PalmOS to Linux."
                                     
12. Linux Kernal 2.4.0 Released
    The long-awaited next version of the Linux kernel was released Thursday by Linus Torvalds, Linux creator and keeper of the open-source operating system kernel. In a short e-mail sent at 4:01 PST, Torvalds said version 2.4.0 of the system is "out there." The highly anticipated 2.4 kernel offers increased symmetrical multiprocessing scalability, a must-have feature for corporate applications running on Linux servers. Earlier kernels were generally thought to only scale well up to four processors. The new version may support up to 16. Version 2.4 will also sport greater support for USB, a key for uses in desktop PCs and network appliances. In his short and humorous message to the kernel mailing list, Torvalds encouraged developed to have fun with the new version and suggested he wanted a few days off before people started reporting bugs. "Anxiously awaited for the last too many months, 2.4.0 brings to the table many improvements, none of which come to mind to the exhausted release manager right now," he wrote. [Source: TechWeb] 
                               
13. About the Encryption Framework for Enterprises
    The Encryption Framework for Enterprises™ (EFE) is the first and only encryption framework that provides a total enterprise encryption security solution. Other cryptographic libraries and toolkits exist but fall short of providing critical components for automation, secure Key Management (KM), standardization and scalability. The KM foundation of EFE provides the most robust, low risk and proven capability in the industry today. EFE offers out-of-the-box rapid, repeatable, low risk implementation and reusable tools and modules to encrypt files or database components along with a high throughput, fully functioning, turnkey key server. EFE provides developers with a flexible means to solve and deploy any and all system developments, be it from small-scale systems to complex, multi-platform deployments. If your company is planning on deploying encryption solutions, then get your developers the Encryption Framework for Enterprises because it is the only encryption framework they will ever need. 
                               
14. A new Vista on Linux
    Actually you misquoted what I said... "there is no GUI like Windows 95 that will load on Linux on 512k of RAM" . Windows 95 uses a really simplistic Point and Click system with a 2 button mouse, access to CD-ROM. I know that Commodore had some GUI program that looked like Mac OS 7 or something with an office package. But, why the discussion on RAM I would consider obselete? People are comparing the entire Windows OS to the Linux kernal. Yeah, the linux kernal kicks Window's ass, but when it comes to speed with things like SuSE, Red Hat - the default installation of Windows will kick****compared to the default installation of most linux distros... 
                            
15. Local Linux Kernal Root Exploit
    A new vulnerability has been discovered that allows local users the possability to gain root access to Linux machines running under kernal (2.2, 2.4, and 2.6) due to an incorrect bound check in mremap(2). Security administrators and those not wanting to get owned by local users should be advised there is a new version of the kernal (2.4.24) released that can circumvent this vulnerability. Proof of concept code in 'Add comment' section.
                        
16. Linux Kernal Architect Role in Andover
    Architect-level software engineer candidate for architecture, design, hands-on implementation and test with a track record of success working 
    with complex operation system problems. Both low- level kernel expertise as well as higher level system software required. Commercial ystem- 
    level product experience with embedded Linux highly desired. Candidate with team-player and senior-level leadership skills to "make-it- appen" desired. 
                      
17. Adventures with PPCLinux
    For quite awhile now, the tech industry (press) has been paying an awful lot of attention to Linux, the infamous open-source operating system. It's been hailed as a competitor to the Windows hemogeny, a savior to the computer industry from the monopolistic evil empire. Companies like RedHat and Yellowdog and Caldera have all been pushing their distributions as a retail product. I figured it was about time to see what all the fuss is about. You should know that I've never before installed Linux, run Linux, or used it in any direct way. I am (or was) completely new to the OS. What follows are some of my thoughts and frustrations. This is not meant to be a professional commentary on Linux or an evaluation of its benefits and disadvantages. This is my three day chronicle of jumping into a new technology.
                           
18. Understanding the Linux Kernel
    The new edition of Understanding the Linux Kernel takes you on a guided tour through the most significant data structures, many algorithms, and programming tricks used in the kernel. The book has been updated to cover version 2.4 of the kernel, which is quite different from version 2.2: the virtual memory system is entirely new, support for multiprocessor systems is improved, and whole new classes of hardware devices have been added. You'll learn what conditions bring out Linux's best performance, and how it meets the challenge of providing good system response during process scheduling, file access, and memory management in a wide variety of environments. 
                           
19. Interested In Linux
    linux does not turn you into a hacker/cracker. a change in operating systems does not magically give you exploits.linux is not hard to install, leastwise the distros im going to talk about.linux is not as reliant on the command line now as it was. you wont be using alot of linux/unix commands, if any.package managers such as apt-get take away the dependency hell that was common with linux.
                      
20. Kernel Projects for Linux
    A book/CD-ROM package, ideal as a compliment to any core operating systems text, providing a series of 12 lab exercises that illustrate how to implement core operating system concepts in the Linux environment. Part I presents an overview of the Linux design, offering insight into topics such as runtime organization and process, file, and device management. Part II consists of a graduated set of exercises that move students from inspecting various aspects of the operating system's internals to developing their own functions and data structures for the Linux kernal. The CD-ROM contains Linux Mandrake OS 7.0 Complete. Nutt teaches computer science at the University of Colorado. 
                               
21. About the GNU/Linux and RMS
    As far as I can see GNU/Linux is a more correct and easier to explain name than Redhat Linux or yellowdog linux. It makes sense just as you say Linux/Apache or NT/IIS why not GNU/Linux - it just explains that a system is Linux Kernal with GNU tools and apps - essentially both Redhat and debian and suse are all GNU/Linux as they use the Linux Kernal and the GNU tools and applications - they all have GCC, EMA, GIMP, GNUstep, etc some even have gimp - if you say GNU/Linux people know what you mean as opposed to say Caldera Linux which has some GNU utils but isn't entirely based around the GNU stuff as most Linux Distro's are. Rather than specifying a distro you can specify the type. 
                          
22. Advanced Linux Administration
    This section builds on knowledge and skills learned in Part 1:Linux System Administration, and prepares students for the Linux Professional Institute Level 2 Certification. The course covers all the key core elements of the Linux Operating System - Installation, package management, X Windows, Application Management and More. The course also includes core internet related technologies - Email, Security, DNS, Apache, Squid. This course may also be of interest to Microsoft Professionals working in a mixed environment seeking to add Linux expertise.
                           
23. The Virtual TapeServer
    Virtual TapeServer is an appliance that combines traditional tape backup methodology with low cost disk technology to create an optimized backup and recovery solution. Emulating traditional tape devices and tape formats, Virtual Tape solutions appear as a tape library or autoloader but with the performance of modern disk drives. Data is deposited onto disk drives just as it would onto a tape library - only many times faster.
    The Virtual TapeServer appliance is made up of two components - a fully configured Intel or Intel compatible server and specialized middleware developed by Tape Laboratories, Inc. Virtual TapeServer is designed for enterprise-wide Backup, Restore, TMF, and Disaster Recovery activities.
                            
24. RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals
    RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals is an intensive hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. RHD236 is taught in a classroom with computers equipped with the current Linux distribution. This 5-day course provides hands-on training, concepts, and demonstrations, with emphasis on realistic labs and programming exercises.
       
25. The Linux Kernal Archives
    Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Travels with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. If you're new to Linux, you don't want to download the kernel, which is just a component in a working Linux system. Instead, you want what is called a distribution of Linux, which is a complete Linux system. There are numerous distributions available for download on the Internet as well as for purchase from various vendors; some are general-purpose, and some are optimized for specific uses. Note, however, that most distributions are very large, so unless you have a very fast Internet link you may want to save yourself some hassle and purchase a CD-ROM with a distribution; such CD-ROMs are available from a number of vendors.
                               
26. A New Linux Kernal - Version 2.6
    A new Linux Kernal, version 2.6, has been released on the 17th December 2003 by Linus Torsvalds. While only being a couple of notches from the old release, 2.4 released in 2001, it is a significant upgrade. Some of the things that are included in the new kernal are noted below"-1.
    Support for embedded systems (such as Personal Digital Assistants) . 2. Support for larger servers. 3. Support for hyperthreading 4. Increase in the allowed numbers of users/groups/processes and support for file systems up to 16 terabytes in size. 5. A lot of different changes that will manifest themselves as more responsive in a multi-tasking environment. 6. Improvement in handling the different device types available now, such as hot pluggable devices, ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface), true plug and play. 7. USB 2 device support.
                              
27. Linux: 2.6 vs. 3.0
    A recent lkml thread explored an interesting tangent when Jeff Garzik asked about what was to follow the 2.5 development kernel, "is it definitely to be named 2.6? Maybe it's just my impression from development speed, but it felt more like a 3.0 to me :)". Linux creator Linus Torvalds first suggested that there was no reason to skip from 2.5 to 3.0, qualifying it with, "But hey, it's just a number. I don't feel that strongly either way. Linus agreed that if the VM is as good as it seems to be, indeed the upcoming release deserves to be called 3.0. But he also pointed out that there are many silent users who tend not to speak up until there is an official release. He asks, "people who are having VM trouble with the current 2.5.x series, please _complain_, and tell what your workload is. Don't sit silent and make us think we're good to go.. And if Ingo is right, I'll do the 3.0.x thing."
                      
28. About Red Hat Linux Kernal Intervals
    Students should have completed RHD221 (Linux Device Drivers) or have equivalent experience. They should be familiar with basic tools and have knowledge of systems programming in a Unix or Linux environment. An understanding of basic Operating System concepts is also required. Some previous experience running Linux, compiling and installing kernels, etc. is required, and experience writing device drivers and kernel modules is not essential. RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals is an intensive hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. It is taught in a classroom with computers equipped with the current Linux distribution. The course provides hands-on training, concepts, and demonstrations, with emphasis on realistic labs and programming exercises. 
                            
29. Linux Kernal Internals
    The course focuses on understanding the flow and control of kernel processes. The daemons associated with kernel processes may be mentioned, but detailed information about those daemons is not included. The course does not provide information on writing patches or on administration commands; these topics are covered in other courses. This course is designed for advanced Linux system administrators. 
                               
30. The User-mode Linux Kernel
    User-Mode Linux is a safe, secure way of running Linux versions and Linux processes. Run buggy software, experiment with new Linux kernels or distributions, and poke around in the internals of Linux, all without risking your main Linux setup. User-Mode Linux gives you a virtual machine that may have more hardware and software virtual resources than your actual, physical computer. Disk storage for the virtual machine is entirely contained inside a single file on your physical machine. You can assign your virtual machine only the hardware access you want it to have. With properly limited access, nothing you do on the virtual machine can change or damage your real computer, or its software. 
                                         
31. About the Linux Kernal
    This project is mostly about the Linux kernel, but discussion about other kernels is welcome too, especially if the source code of that other kernel is freely available, so everybody can learn. Kernelnewbies is meant to be a community effort, everybody helps each other. If you learn something, please stick around to teach others. The kernelnewbies project has an irc channel, a mailing list, a website and a wiki. The channel is mostly meant for people programming the kernel. People wanting to document kernel internal functions and CS/EE students wanting to learn about the kernel internals are, of course, also welcome. Most denizens of the channel don't mind a bit of generic OS or hardware discussion either, feel free to hang around and participate in any nice discussion that comes along... 
                      
32. Linux Cross- Reference
    The Linux Cross-Reference project is the testbed application of a general hypertext cross-referencing tool. (Or the other way around.) 
    The main goal of the project is to create a versatile cross-referencing tool for relatively large code repositories. The project is based on stock web technology, so the codeview client may be chosen from the full range of available web browsers. On the server side, the prototype implementation is based on an Apache web server, but any Unix-based web server with cgi-script capability should do nicely. (The prototype implementaion is running on a dual Pentium Pro Linux box.). The Linux source code, with which the project has initially been linked, presents the indexer with some very tough obstacles. Specifically, the heavy use of preprocessor macros makes the parsing a virtual nightmare. We want to index the information in the preprocessor directives as well as the actual C code, so we have to parse both at once, which leads to no end of trouble. (Strict parsing is right out.) Still, we're pretty satisfied with what the indexer manages to get out of it. 
                              
33. Understanding the Linux Kernal
    The need for a document like this one became apparent in the linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers to information, appeared again and again. Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the philosophy and design decisions behind this code. Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference books are also mentioned. 
                     
34. Linux Source Navigator
    Welcome to the Linux Source Navigator. Originally developed as part of an Independant Study in the Linux Kernel, the Navigator is a CGI interface to browse the entire Linux kernel source. You're best off viewing the Navigator with a browser that understands <TABLE> tags to see the directories correctly; Netscape works great. The Navigator formats the raw source tree on-the-fly, using italics, bolds, colors and hyperlinks to present the source in a much more managable format
                             
35. About Linux
    Linux is named for Linus Torvalds, a Finnish engineering student who created the original kernel. Linus didn’t want to use Windows and searched for an inexpensive alternative that would run on low cost IBM PC clones. The GNU open source project was progressing very slowly because of political infighting and an attempt to make the same operating system run the same on numerous processors. Linus received permission to use MINIX as the foundation for his own efforts. MINIX was a small version of UNIX created by Andrew S. Tanenbaum to provide college students with a working version of UNIX with no AT&T owned source code. Linus opened a web site on his university student account and started posting free copies of his source code. During the early days of the project, Linus was posting updated versions several times a day, which directly contradicted the commercial approach of only releasing new versions on an infrequent basis after extensive testing. With the help of a growing number of volunteers (literally tens of thousands), Linus quickly replaced all of MINIX with new all new source code. As Linux caught on in popularity (because it allowed college students and hobbyists to experiment with very cheap Intel hardware), other groups of volunteers ported Linux to a wide variety of additional processors. 
                            
36. Red Hat Linux Kernal Internals
    RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals is an intensive hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. RHD236 is taught in a classroom with computers equipped with the current Linux distribution. Upon completing the class, students should feel comfortable modifying the Linux kernel to fit the needs of their hardware or applications, and developing device drivers. They will also have the tools necessary to port existing applications and device drivers to Linux, primarily from Unix-like systems.
                             
37. Linux Kernal 2.4.0 Released 
    The long-awaited next version of the Linux kernel was released Thursday by Linus Torvalds, Linux creator and keeper of the open-source operating system kernel. In a short e-mail sent at 4:01 PST, Torvalds said version 2.4.0 of the system is "out there." The highly anticipated 2.4 kernel offers increased symmetrical multiprocessing scalability, a must-have feature for corporate applications running on Linux servers. Earlier kernels were generally thought to only scale well up to four processors. The new version may support up to 16. Version 2.4 will also sport greater support for USB, a key for uses in desktop PCs and network appliances. In his short and humorous message to the kernel mailing list, Torvalds encouraged developed to have fun with the new version and suggested he wanted a few days off before people started reporting bugs. "Anxiously awaited for the last too many months, 2.4.0 brings to the table many improvements, none of which come to mind to the exhausted release manager right now," he wrote.
                     
38. Administering Linux
    Students will be able to administer Linux in managing hardware, accounts, printers and file systems. You will have a good understanding of the operating system and how it works. Successful completion of this course will provide students knowledge and understanding necessary to take the second of three required exams to become qualified for the Linux Professional Institute`s LPI Certification and or CompTIA`s Linux+ certification. William Holliker is President of Open Systems Courseware which specializes in the development and delivery of leading edge technical training and courseware for Unix, Linux, Programming and Networking technologies. William has been a technical course developer and instructor for over 25 years. He has written three certificate training programs and two certification programs. In addition to his technical experience, William has delivered over 500 technical training courses throughout the world.
                          
39. About the Linux and Linux Hosting
    Linux is a version of UNIX that has gained popularity because of its stability as an operating system for hosting web servers. Linux was originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world. Linux refer to cohesive collections of applications that run on top of the Linux kernal. One of the feature of the Linux kernel that sets it apart from other operating systems is that it is both multitasking and multiuser. Developed under the GNU General Public License , the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.Unlike conventional hosting services, Dinsol's hosting platforms provide a level of security, integrity, and privacy incomparable in almost every aspect. Our shared hosting accounts offer the greatest performance, flexibility, and most of all, cost effectiveness. Dinsol's hosting solutions are not only expandable but also economical.
                          
40. RHD236 - Red Hat Linux Kernal Internals
    RHD236 Red Hat Linux Kernel Internals is an intensive hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture, including process scheduling, memory management, filesystems, and driving peripheral devices. RHD236 is taught in a classroom with computers equipped with the current Linux distribution. This 5-day course provides hands-on training, concepts, and demonstrations, with emphasis on realistic labs and programming exercises.
                     
41. Installing the Comedi Module for the Linux Kernel
    Comedi is a set of Linux device drivers for data acquisition hardware. Comedi has device drivers for around 200 cards from different manufacturers. Comedi is broken into two parts. In Linux, only the kernel can directly act upon a piece of hardware. Therefor we need to add the Comedi module to the kernel. There are a few different steps:-1. Add some info so monitoring programs recoginze your card. 2. Making sure that the Linux Kernal source is right. Since the Comedi module will be complied against the kernal source it is important that the source is complete. When Linux is installed pre-complied (as is normal) the source may not be complete. 3. Compile the Comedi Module. We are using version comedi-0.7.66.  4. Install comedilib . 5. Starting up the Comedi Module. 
                      
42. Linux Software Map: Prototype
    The purpose of this package is to add permanent and direct access to hardware at specific I/O addresses. You need to provide the hardware such as a PDS-611, PDS-601, PDS-610, or a PDS-600 from JDR Microdevices. These cards are solderless breadboards which allow the user to develop and test PC compatible circuits. All of these cards fit into the ISA Bus slots in the PC. Note: Not all entries contain correct, complete filenames or URLs. FTP sites often refuse connections due to excessive traffic. If you have difficulty with the provided links to individual files, try the first link, which is usually to a directory or web site for the program as a whole. 
                            
43. Linux Desktop Environments
    Research the latest in Linux Desktop Environments technologies, tools and techniques. Our buying guide offers products and complementary search tools that offer you expert buying advice and the latest news and reviews to help you with your selection.LinuxForce fights spam with revved up email client — LinuxForce Inc. on Tuesday released LinuxForceMail 3.0, the latest version of its email client. Version 3.0 contains a better anti-spam configuration that ensures that suspicious emails are either deferred or rejected before any bandwidth is expended due to content filtering, the company said. ...Scalix rolls small-biz version of enterprise email/calendaring — Scalix, which makes email/calendaring software for Linux, Tuesday introduced its Small Business Edition, a lower-cost version of its Enterprise Edition aimed at small businesses. The new version offers many of the same features found in the company's flagship Enterprise Edition, Scalix said, but at a lower price for small organizations. ...
                                 
44. The Linux Standard Base specification
    The Linux Standard Base specification contains a base set of APIs, libraries and interoperability standards. It also includes test suites, development environments, sample implementations and developer documentation. Get the LSB standard at the FSB's Web site, along with guidelines on how to build LSB-compliant apps. The LSB helps software vendors target the Linux platform in a cost-effective, low-risk manner, Zemlin said. LSB also helps ISVs funnel their input to the Linux distribution industry, which the FSB claims "creates a more stable and robust process for both Linux distributors and Linux ISVs," and "simplifies the development and porting of applications by ISVs.," he added. 
                            
45. The Linux Training Bundle
    William Holliker is President of Open Systems Courseware which specializes in the development and delivery of leading edge technical training and courseware for Unix, Linux, Programming and Networking technologies. William has been a technical course developer and instructor for over 25 years. He has written three certificate training programs and two certification programs. In addition to his technical experience, William has delivered over 500 technical training courses throughout the world.
                         
46. Linux with graphics and sound
    The state of most desktop and office applications under Linux seem quite healthy. People are working hard making the Linux desktop work. Yet, I am very sorry, but I cannot describe the deployment and maintaince of 3D graphics and sound API's as well as drivers as anything other than woeful.The Linux kernal is often updated and patched for security reasons. The maintainence demands of reconfiguring, recompiling the kernel for sound, and then continually installing kernel modules for video are becoming too high for the average user.
                          
47. About the congestion control
    This paper is about the recent advancements in congestion control for networks in the Linux kernel. Specifically I focus on the TCP congestion framework, the implementation of the DCCP protocol stack and the restructuring of large parts of the TCP code base. Linux has had multiple TCP congestion methods added to it and the subsequent growth of the codebase has made development difficult. As a result a congestion control framework has been introduced. In this paper I outline how the congestion control framework was used to implement TCP-Nice. TCP-Nice is a congestion control mechanism that drops the transmit rate of a TCP flow when there is congestion, much like nice does for CPU usage by processes in the Unix operating system. The rationale behind Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) and the current status of the protocol is also discussed. I then outline the implementation of the DCCP protocol in the Linux kernel and the lessons learned on kernel development in this area. 
                      
48. The history of Linux and Unix
    Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world. Developed under the GNU General Public License , the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Click on the link below to find out more about the operating system that is causing a revolution in the world of computers. After three decades of use, the UNIX* computer operating system from Bell Labs is still regarded as one of the most powerful, versatile, and flexible operating systems (OS) in the computer world. Its popularity is due to many factors, including its ability to run a wide variety of machines, from micros to supercomputers, and its portability -- all of which led to its adoption by many manufacturers. Like another legendary creature whose name also ends in 'x,' UNIX rose from the ashes of a multi-organizational effort in the early 1960s to develop a dependable timesharing operating system. ETC, ETC .
                        
49. Supported Recorder
    GEAR works with most DVD and CD recorders. GEAR also works with several operating systems such as Solaris SPARC/x86, SGI Irix, IBM AIX, HP-UX, Compac Tru64, Linux and all Microsoft operating systems from Windows NT to Windows XP. This document explains what drives are considered compatible with GEAR. Additional compatibility information and references can be found under Manuals in the Support section. In general, GEAR is meant to work with all current and newly released drives because of GEAR's automatic recorder detection and support technology. If you find that GEAR does not work with your particular DVD or CD recorder, check our Knowledgebase and Discussion Forum.