Java: Summary - Statements

if Statement

//----- if statement with a true clause
   if (expression) {
       statements // do these if expression is true
   }
   
//----- if statement with true and false clause
   if (expression) {
       statements // do these if expression is true
   } else {
       statements // do these if expression is false
   }
   
//----- if statements with many parallel tests
   if (expression1) {
       statements // do these if expression1 is true
   } else if (expression2) {
       statements // do these if expression2 is true
   } else if (expression3) {
       statements // do these if expression3 is true
   . . .
   } else {
       statements // do these no expression was true
   }
   

switch Statement

   switch (expr) {
      case c1:
            statements // do these if expr == c1
            break;
      case c2: 
            statements // do these if expr == c2
            break;
      case c2:
      case c3:
      case c4:         //  Cases can simply fall thru.
            statements // do these if expr ==  any of c's
            break;
      . . .
      default:
            statements // do these if expr != any above
   }

while

   while (testExpression) {
       statements
   }

Other loop controls

   break;       //exit innermost loop or switch
   break label; //exit from loop label
   continue;    //start next loop iteration
   continue label; //start next loop label

outer: for (. . .) {
         . . .
               continue outer;

for

   for (initialStmt; testExpr; incrementStmt) {
       statements
   }

   initialStmt;
   while (testExpr) {
       statements
       incrementStmt
   }

do

   do {
      statements
   } while (testExpression);

Method Return

   return;      //no value for void method
   return expr; //method value to return

Simple try...catch for exceptions

   try {
       . . . // statements that might cause exceptions
   } catch (exception-type x) {
       . . . // statements to handle exception
   }

throw

   throw exception-object;

Multiple catch clauses and finally clause

   try {
       . . . // statements that might cause exceptions
   } catch (exception-type x) {
       . . . // statements to handle exception
   } catch (exception-type x) {
       . . . // statements to handle exception
   } finally (exception-type x) {
       . . . // statements that will always be exectuted, exception or not.
   }